Calculations

All of the peaks were taken off of the graphs above. They are estimations at best.

Peaks from Absorption -Rubidium

Peak
Frequency (GHz)
1
-14.60
2
-12.98
3
-9.10
4
-5.50



Peaks from Absorption using Lamb Dip

Peak
Frequency (GHz)
1
-15.25
2
-14.75
3
-14.30
4
-13.60
5
-13.40
6
-13.20
7
-9.90
8
-9.70
9
-6.20


Peaks from Emission-Rubidium

Peak
Frequency (GHz)
1
-14.80
2
-13.05
3
-9.45
4
-5.75

To find the spacing between the different F levels we used an equation from Atomic and Laser Spectroscopy. The accepted values for the spacing for Rb85 are 3035.7 MHz for the S½ state, and 362.1 MHz for the P½ state. For the Rb87 isotope the spacing is 6834.6 MHz for the S½ state, and 818.2 for the P½ state. To find the spacings from our data we need to subtract the several peaks. For the Rb87 the S½, we subtract the first and fourth peak of the absorption graph. So the spacing for S½ = 9100 MHz. The P½ spacing from the graph is difference between the first and third peaks from the absorption from the excited state. The spacing for P½ = 950 MHz. For Rb85 the S½ spacing is 3780 MHz, and the P½ spacing is 400 MHz. From the experimental values the energy level diagram would be: